If the male partner has any workup, it is generally a:

• Semen analysis

• Karyotype (sometimes)

The semen analysis will show changes in sperm shape (morphology), motility, count, white blood cells (indicating the potential of infection or autoimmunity), and agglutination (clumping). The karyotype offers insight into changes with the chromosomal material, but the prevalence of these changes is only ~3%.

One of the best ways to determine sperm health is the DNA fragmentation study.

This study evaluates the qualitative value of the sperm, and often indicates the likely expression of various genetic and psychiatric health factors in the baby… AND can be changed!

Remember, it takes 2 to tango.